A Companion to the Reconstruction Presidents 1865–1881	5
	Copyright	6
	Contents	7
	Notes on Contributors	10
	Introduction	15
	References	17
	Part I Andrew Johnson	19
	Chapter One Andrew Johnson before the Presidency	21
	References	34
	Chapter Two Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction	38
	Johnson and the Union	41
	Johnson and Presidential Reconstruction	42
	Johnson and Radical Reconstruction	49
	Impeachment and Resignation	52
	References	54
	Further Reading	55
	Chapter Three Andrew Johnson: Race, the Constitution, and Democracy	56
	Johnson and the Historiography of Reconstruction	57
	Johnson and Race: Personal Views and Policy Effects	61
	Johnson and the Constitution	66
	Johnson and Democracy	70
	Conclusion and Avenues for Further Research	72
	References	74
	Further Reading	75
	Chapter Four The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson	76
	References	96
	Further Reading	97
	Chapter Five Foreign Affairs and Andrew Johnson	99
	Note	130
	References	130
	Further Reading	133
	Part II Ulysses S. Grant	135
	Chapter Six Ulysses S. Grant: Birth to the Mexican–American War	137
	References	152
	Further Reading	153
	Chapter Seven Ulysses S. Grant: Star on the Rise, 1861–1863	154
	References	172
	Further Reading	176
	Chapter Eight Ulysses S. Grant: The Making of a Military Politician, 1861–1865	179
	Grant and His Contemporaries	181
	The British View and Its Ramifications	185
	A Democratic War	188
	Post-Restoration Studies	195
	References	199
	Further Reading	201
	Chapter Nine The General-in-Chief, 1864–1865	202
	“The Eyes of the World Upon Him”	204
	The New General-in-Chief	205
	Crafting a Strategy	207
	The Overland Campaign of 1864: The Wilderness to Spotsylvania	212
	The Politics of War	215
	The Overland Campaign: The North Anna to Petersburg	217
	Prisoners of War and Politics	219
	Lee Strikes Back	219
	The Long Winter	221
	To Appomattox and Beyond	222
	The Future of Grant’s History	225
	References	225
	Further Reading	226
	Chapter Ten Ulysses S. Grant Goes to Washington: The Commanding General as Secretary of War	228
	A Brief History of Grant’s Tenure	230
	Reconstruction and Reunion	232
	The Tragic Era	234
	Rewriting Reconstruction	238
	New Directions	244
	References	246
	Further Reading	247
	Chapter Eleven The 1868 and 1872 Elections	249
	References	268
	Further Reading	270
	Chapter Twelve Looking for the Popular Culture of Grant’s America	271
	References	286
	Chapter Thirteen Reconstruction during the Grant Years: The Conundrum of Policy	289
	References	307
	Further Reading	308
	Chapter Fourteen Flames in the West: American Expansion, Federal Indian Policy, and the Transformation of Indigenous Lives in the Age of Grant	309
	References	323
	Further Reading	324
	Chapter Fifteen Avoiding War: The Foreign Policy of Ulysses S. Grant and Hamilton Fish	325
	Building a Cabinet	326
	Foreign Policy Philosophy	329
	Cuba	331
	The Alabama Claims	336
	Diplomatic Conclusions	337
	Conclusion	338
	References	339
	Further Reading	341
	Chapter Sixteen Grant and Historical Memory	342
	References	353
	Further Reading	356
	Chapter Seventeen Grant and Heroic Leadership	357
	Conclusion	365
	References	366
	Chapter Eighteen Engagement Rather Than Escape: Ulysses S. Grant’s World Tour, 1877–1879	367
	Introduction: Thesis and Sources	367
	Preparing for Travel Overseas and Departure	369
	Arrival in Great Britain and John Russell Young	373
	Travels in Europe, June 1–December 13, 1877	374
	Travels in the Middle East, December 13, 1877–March 8, 1878	378
	More Travels in Europe, March 8–September 25, 1878	379
	Historical and Political Controversies	383
	European Travels Prior to Circumnavigation, September 25, 1878–January 23, 1879	384
	Crossing the Indian Ocean and Travels in India, January 23–March 16, 1879	386
	Travels in the Far East and China, March 16–June 15, 1879	388
	Travels in Japan, June 21–September 3, 1879	390
	Informal Diplomacy: The Ryukyu Arbitration	393
	Return to the United States, September 3–December 24, 1879	393
	Conclusion and Further Research Needs	394
	References	396
	Further Reading	399
	Part III Rutherford B. Hayes	401
	Chapter Nineteen Crushing the Traitors: Rutherford B. Hayes in the Civil War	403
	References	416
	Further Reading	416
	Chapter Twenty Rutherford B. Hayes: The Road to the White House	417
	References	427
	Further Reading	428
	Chapter Twenty-One Election of 1876/Compromise of 1877	429
	References	440
	Further Reading	443
	Chapter Twenty-Two Hayes and Civil Service Reform	445
	The Spoils System	445
	Early Reform Moves	447
	Reform and Reconstruction	448
	Presidential Candidate	451
	A New Policy	453
	The New York Customhouse	455
	Elections and Reform	460
	Garfield	462
	Conclusion	463
	References	463
	Further Reading	465
	Chapter Twenty-Three The Shattered Dream: The Shock of Industrialization and the Crisis of the Free Labor Ideal	466
	The Shock of Industrialization	469
	The Legacy of Liberal Republicanism	471
	The Political Settlement of the Fourth Party System	476
	The Rise and Fall of the Postbellum Labor Movement	478
	The Fateful Year	480
	Making Sense of the Great Uprising	482
	References	486
	Further Reading	487
	Chapter Twenty-Four Lifting the Veil of Obscurity?: Lucy Webb Hayes, America’s First “First Lady”	489
	References	508
	Further Reading	509
	Part IV The Age of Reconstruction	511
	Chapter Twenty-Five Edison and the Age of Invention	513
	Edison and the Telegraph Industry	514
	Edison and the Telephone	517
	The Phonograph and the Birth of Recorded Sound	519
	Electric Light and Power	521
	Edison and Motion Pictures	525
	Edison and the Age of Invention	527
	Opportunities for Future Scholarship	528
	Note	529
	References	529
	Further Reading	530
	Chapter Twenty-Six Centennial Celebrations	531
	Historiography	531
	Local Celebrations	534
	The International Exposition	535
	History at the Centennial	539
	Technology at the Centennial	542
	References	548
	Further Reading	550
	Chapter Twenty-Seven Community Responsibilities, Citizenship Rights: Gender and Power in the Reconstruction Era	552
	Introduction	552
	The Transition from Slavery to Freedom	553
	Manhood in a World Turned Upside Down	558
	White Women’s Peculiar Emancipation	559
	Teaching, Aid, and the Freedmen’s Bureau	562
	Suffrage	566
	Conclusion	572
	References	572
	Further Reading	574
	Chapter Twenty-Eight Playing on a New Field: The U.S. Supreme Court in Reconstruction	576
	A New Court	577
	The Chase Years	579
	A New Field	581
	Retreat	585
	Conclusion	589
	References	591
	Further Reading	594
	Chapter Twenty-Nine Scandal, Corruption	595
	“Honest Abe”	596
	Johnson and the Patronage	598
	The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson	599
	Grant and the Patronage	601
	The Rise of the Reformers	602
	The Election of 1872	604
	Grant’s Second Term	606
	The Whiskey Ring	607
	Hayes and the One-Term Principle	609
	Conclusion	611
	References	612
	Further Reading	613
	Chapter Thirty Ex-Presidents in the Age of Reconstruction	615
	State of the Field: Existing Literature	617
	References	628
	Further Reading	630
	Index	631