Cover	1
	Series page	4
	Title page	5
	Copyright page	6
	Contents	7
	Preface	10
	Notes on Contributors	12
	Introduction	19
	What Are the Essays About?	21
	In Search of Meta-Knowledge in Urban Anthropology: Dissonant and Generative Connections	26
	References	29
	PART I: Foundational Concepts: Affirmed and Contested	31
	CHAPTER 1: Spatialities: The Rebirth of Urban Anthropology through Studies of Urban Space	33
	Introduction	33
	Methodology	34
	History and Theoretical Background	35
	The Spatial Turn	37
	Contested Urban Space	39
	Racialized Space	40
	Landscapes of Fear	41
	Global, Transnational and Translocal Spaces	42
	Conclusion	43
	References	44
	CHAPTER 2: Flows	46
	Worlds in Flux	48
	Commodity Circuits: Goods in Movement	51
	People Movers	55
	Flows of Ideas: Languages, Religions, and the City as Flow	59
	Conclusion	62
	References	63
	CHAPTER 3: Community	64
	Community in the Anthropological Landscape	65
	The Elusive Community	67
	Community as Governable Space	73
	The Obscure Object of Desire?	77
	References	80
	CHAPTER 4: Citizenship	83
	Political Action and Citizenship Practice in Urban Spaces	85
	The Urban as an Object of Citizenship Action as Well as Its Site	89
	References	97
	PART II: Materializations and Their Imaginaries	101
	CHAPTER 5: Built Structures and Planning	103
	Introduction	103
	Premodern Cities: Variations on a Theme of the Cosmos, Market, and Religious/Political Authority	104
	Premodern Cities of China and South Asia	105
	Premodern African Cities	105
	Walls, Defense, Boundaries	106
	Gender Inequalities in Premodern Cities	106
	The Colonial City	106
	Spanish and Portuguese Cities of Empire, 1600s–1800s	107
	African and South Asian Colonial Cities: Articulating European Obsessions with “the Natives” and Disease	108
	Modernist Cities	110
	Brasília, Modernist City Par Excellence	111
	Modernist Cities Around the World	112
	Modernism’s Shortcomings, Attempted State Solutions, Unplanned Growth	113
	The Postmodern City	114
	Postmodernist Aesthetic in Class Suppression	115
	Postmodernist Obsessions with Shopping and the Consumption Experience	115
	Gentrification, Branding, and the Policing of “Undesirables”	116
	Gated Communities and the Cultural Production of Fear	117
	Conclusion	118
	References	119
	CHAPTER 6: Borders: Cities, Boundaries, and Frontiers	121
	State Borders: Sites, Symbols, Institutions, and Practices	122
	Border Cities	125
	Bordering and Bordered Cities	131
	Conclusion	133
	References	136
	CHAPTER 7: Markets	138
	The Political and Cultural Economy of Markets	139
	Exchange Is Not the Same As Markets	139
	Market Struggles and the Structuring of Social Space	142
	Gender, Race, Ethnicity in the Market	142
	Brokerage, Mediation, Networks	144
	Modernity and Tactics of Resistance: The Knowledge of the Streets	145
	How and Why Traders Perform	147
	Markets and Language Aesthetics	147
	Markets and Sight-Seeing	148
	Markets and Festivals	149
	Market Spaces of Formality–Informality: False Dualisms	151
	Brave New Markets	153
	Conclusion	155
	References	156
	CHAPTER 8: Cars and Transport: The Car-Made City	160
	Inequality	163
	Modernity	165
	The Struggle for Sustainable Mobility Systems	167
	References	170
	PART III: Dividing Processes, Bases of Solidarity	173
	CHAPTER 9: Class	175
	Class: The Urban Commons and the Empty Sign of “The Middle Class” in the Twenty-First Century	175
	Class Conundrums	176
	The “Working Class” as a Project of the Urban Commons	180
	Urban Crisis, Urban Rebellion	184
	Neoliberal Unravelings	185
	China and the New Urbanization	190
	Conclusion	191
	References	192
	CHAPTER 10: Gender	195
	“The Personal Is Political” and the City	196
	Gender in Urban Anthropology from the 1950s–1980s	198
	Globalization, Gender and Cities	205
	Global Differences: Women in the North, Women in the South	207
	References	208
	CHAPTER 11: Sexualities	211
	The Sexualities of Cities	211
	San Francisco	214
	Cities of Vice	216
	Gay Publics	217
	Sexual Cities	219
	In Bed with Power	221
	Gender	221
	Intersectionality	222
	Race	223
	Liberalism	223
	Methods	224
	The Urbanity of Sex	224
	References	226
	CHAPTER 12: Race	228
	Dispossession	230
	Labor	232
	Criminalization	234
	Environmental Justice	235
	References	238
	CHAPTER 13: Extralegality	240
	Introduction	240
	The Limits of “Legality”: Legal, Illegal, Extra-Legal	241
	Informality	244
	Illegality	248
	Not-Yet-(Il)Legal	250
	Urban Government	253
	Conclusion	254
	References	256
	PART IV: Abstractions of Consequence	257
	CHAPTER 14: Global Systems and Globalization	259
	The Urban in Global Historical Perspective	259
	Anthropology of the Global and of the City: Globalization or Global Systems?	260
	What Are the Tendencies of Urbanization in Periods of Globalization?	263
	Beyond Cities as Sites of Consumption: Ethnic and Class Fragmentation Under Hegemonic Decline	265
	Third-World Cities: Cosmopolitan Canopies, Street Children, and Peripheral Impoverishment	269
	Conclusion	271
	References	271
	CHAPTER 15: Governance: Beyond the Neoliberal City	273
	A Brief History of Urban Neoliberalism	274
	Theorizing the Neoliberal City	277
	The Anthropology of Contemporary Urban Governance	279
	1. Neoliberalism Is Not Alone	280
	2. Beyond the Neoliberalism/Resistance Duet	281
	3. The Complex Trajectories of Neoliberalism	282
	Conclusion	283
	References	285
	CHAPTER 16: Policing and Security	289
	The Contradiction at the Heart of Policing	289
	Policing, Security, and Social Power: Four Perspectives	290
	Prefatory Comments on Studying Police	292
	The History of Modern Cities and Police in the West	293
	Urban Privatization and Policing	296
	Innovations in Policing	298
	Cities, Policing, and Crime: A Postcolonial Example	301
	Security, Borders, and Migration	302
	What Is Missing? Elite Crime	306
	Conclusions: Inequality and Justice	306
	References	307
	CHAPTER 17: Transnationality: Transnationality and the City	309
	Defining Terms	310
	Transnationality and Urban Studies	312
	Migration and Urban Transnationalities	314
	A Comparative Perspective of the Varying Transnationality of Cities	316
	Conclusion	318
	References	320
	CHAPTER 18: Cosmopolitanism: Cosmopolitan Cities and the Dialectics of Living Together with Difference	324
	Introduction: Liberation Square	324
	Breaching the Greek City Walls: From Polis to Metropolis	327
	“Street” Cosmopolitanism: Merchants and Traders	330
	Social Networks and Claims to Moral Citizenship	333
	The Aesthetics and Cultural Politics of Cosmopolitanism	334
	“Post-Cosmopolitan” Cities	338
	Conclusion	341
	References	341
	PART V: Experiencing/Knowing the City in Everyday Life	345
	CHAPTER 19: Practices of Sociality	347
	Introduction	347
	The Categories	350
	The Ethnographies	352
	Youth	352
	Culture of the Outskirts	354
	The Deaf	356
	The Circuit of the Sateré-Mawé	358
	References	363
	CHAPTER 20: Memory and Narrative	365
	Why Memory?	366
	Sites of Memory2	367
	Narrating the Past	368
	The Past of the Jubilados	370
	Activist Lives in Buenos Aires	372
	The Past as a Resource	374
	Some Cautionary Notes	377
	Conclusion	378
	References	380
	CHAPTER 21: Religion	382
	Colonial Epistemologies	383
	The Sacred and the City	386
	Sacred Signs and Marked Spaces in the City	389
	From Ethnics to Ethics: The City and the Quest for Universality	392
	References	396
	PART VI: Nature and the City	399
	CHAPTER 22: Nature	401
	Definitions	401
	Heterotopia	405
	Nature in Urban Lives and Deaths	407
	The Material Agency of Nature	409
	Nature as a System of Signs	410
	Nature at Every Turn	410
	References	411
	CHAPTER 23: Food and Farming	412
	Introduction	412
	Food Provisioning: A Multi-Scalar Phenomenon, and a Challenge for Urban Anthropology	414
	Four Approaches to Food Provisioning by Urban Anthropologists	421
	Urban Agriculture: How 800 Million–1 Billion People Get By	424
	References	430
	CHAPTER 24: Pollution	432
	Introduction	432
	Dirt, Difference, and Disease	434
	Environmental Justice and Urban Political Ecology	436
	Slum Tours in Mazatlán, Mexico	438
	Environmentalism in Kingston, Jamaica	440
	Conclusion	443
	CHAPTER 25: Resilience	446
	Introduction	446
	Resilience: The Analytical Frame	447
	Allotment Gardens and Community Gardens	448
	Local Gardens and Agricultures as Sources for Food Security: Historical Examples	450
	Social Ecological Memories in Contemporary Garden Communities	455
	Discussion	459
	Conclusion	462
	References	463
	PART VII: Challenging the Present, Anticipating Urban Futures	465
	CHAPTER 26: The Commons	467
	Introduction	467
	Commons	469
	Enclosure	471
	Precarity	472
	Commoning	473
	Practices of Urban Commoning	475
	Squatting	478
	Commonfare	479
	Commoning Practices of Cityzenship	481
	Conclusion: On the Common of the Commons	483
	References	485
	CHAPTER 27: Social Movements	488
	The Return of Social Movements: But Where Did They Go?	488
	The Challenge of Contemporary Movements	491
	A Brief Genealogy	493
	Towards an Anthropology of Social Movements	494
	Rethinking the Political: Culture, Meaning-Making and Knowledge Production	495
	Space, Scale Globality and Translations	498
	Emergence, Complexity and New Forms of Life	499
	Conclusion	501
	References	502
	CHAPTER 28: Futures: Lifeform, Livelihood, and Lifeway	504
	Introduction: Here Comes – the Anthropocene?	504
	Tilting Toward the Urban	505
	An Urbanizing Planet	506
	Livelihoods and Privatized Ecologies	506
	The Rural/Urban Divide: the Country and the City	508
	Urban Political Ecology and Urban Futures	510
	Lifeways and the “Natural City”: Cosmological Perspectives	511
	From the Stars to the Street3	512
	Conclusion	513
	References	514
	Index	516