Farm Animal Anesthesia: Cattle, Small Ruminants, Camelids, and Pigs	5
	Copyright	6
	Contents	9
	Contributing Authors	14
	Preface	15
	Chapter 1 Preanesthetic considerations	17
	Positioning	18
	Ruminal tympany	19
	Regurgitation	19
	Salivation	20
	Malignant hyperthermia	22
	Differences in sensitivity to anesthetics	22
	Preanesthetic preparation	24
	References	29
	Chapter 2 Commonly used preanesthetics	33
	Acepromazine (phenothiazine derivatives)	34
	Cattle	34
	Small ruminants and camelids	35
	Swine	35
	Droperidol and azaperone (butyrophenone derivatives)	35
	Detomidine, medetomidine, romifidine, and xylazine (?2 agonists)	36
	Cattle	37
	Small ruminants and camelids	40
	Swine	43
	Atipamezole, tolazoline, and yohimbine (?2 antagonists)	44
	Diazepam and midazolam (benzodiazepine derivatives)	45
	Cattle, small ruminants, and camelids	46
	Swine	46
	Chloral hydrate	47
	References	47
	Chapter 3 Standing sedation and chemical restraint	55
	Cattle	55
	Small ruminants and camelids	58
	Swine	64
	References	73
	Chapter 4 Injectable anesthetics and field anesthesia	76
	Injectable anesthetics	77
	Ketamine	77
	Telazol	80
	Propofol	82
	Guaifenesin	84
	Field anesthesia	84
	Cattle	84
	Small ruminants and camelids	88
	Swine	96
	References	103
	Chapter 5 Inhalation anesthesia	111
	Cattle	117
	Small ruminants and camelids	119
	Swine	120
	References	122
	Chapter 6 Perioperative monitoring and management of complications	127
	Perioperative monitoring	127
	Supportive fluid therapy	132
	Positioning	137
	Recovery	139
	Perioperative complications	139
	Regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia	139
	Airway obstruction	140
	Ruminal tympany/bloat	141
	Salivation	142
	Hypoventilation	142
	Cardiac arrhythmias	143
	Hypotension	144
	Hypothermia	145
	Malignant hyperthermia	146
	Postanesthetic neuromyopathy	147
	Cardiovascular collapse	147
	References	148
	Chapter 7 Local and regional anesthetic techniques	152
	Local anesthetics	152
	Anesthesia for dehorning	153
	Nasal anesthesia	153
	Anesthesia of the eye	155
	Eyelid	155
	Eye and orbit	155
	Anesthesia for laparotomy	157
	Proximal paravertebral nerve block	157
	Distal paravertebral nerve block	158
	Inverted-L block	158
	Line block	159
	Anesthesia for reproductive procedures	160
	Caudal epidural anesthesia	160
	Continuous caudal epidural anesthesia	162
	Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia	163
	Sacral paravertebral nerve block	164
	Internal pudendal nerve block	165
	Dorsal penile nerve block	166
	Castration	167
	Teat anesthesia	168
	Inverted-V block	168
	Ring block	168
	Infusion of teat cistern	168
	Anesthesia of the distal limb	169
	References	170
	Chapter 8 Anesthetic management for specific procedures	171
	Umbilical hernias	172
	Wounds, lumps, bumps, and abscesses	173
	Wound management	173
	Ocular squamous cell carcinoma	174
	Enucleation	174
	Entropion	175
	Abscess removal	175
	Surgical disorders of the abdomen	175
	Laparotomy	175
	Disorders of the forestomachs	177
	Displacements and volvulus of the abomasum	178
	Small intestine disorders (intussusception, intestinal volvulus, intestinal obstruction)	178
	Urolithiasis and ruptured urinary bladder	179
	Urogenital surgery in the female	180
	Cesarean section	180
	Ovariectomy	181
	Vaginal prolapse	182
	Perineal laceration	182
	Urogenital surgery in the male	182
	Castration	182
	Penile translocation	184
	Persistent frenulum	185
	Penile papilloma	185
	Epididymectomy	185
	Vasectomy	185
	Musculoskeletal indications	186
	Dehorning	186
	Claw amputation	187
	Excision of interdigital fibromas	187
	Tail docking	187
	Rectal prolapse	188
	References	188
	Chapter 9 Pain management for farm animals	190
	Local anesthetics	193
	Systemic pain management	194
	Opioid analgesics	194
	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	199
	Alpha-2 agonists	203
	Ketamine	204
	Gabapentin	204
	Drug combinations for pain management	205
	Constant rate infusion	206
	Local or regional analgesia	213
	Caudal epidural analgesia	213
	Lumbosacral epidural anesthesia	214
	Intra-articular analgesia	216
	References	220
	Chapter 10 Fluid therapy	231
	General considerations	231
	Physiology of body fluids	232
	Patient assessment	234
	Fluid and electrolyte therapy in the perioperative period	235
	Quantity and rate of fluid administration	236
	Fluid type	237
	Method of administration	240
	Monitoring fluid administration	242
	References	243
	Chapter 11 Regulatory and legal considerations of anesthetics and analgesics used in food-producing animals	244
	Alpha-2 agonists	247
	Barbiturates	249
	Benzodiazepines	249
	Dissociative anesthetics	250
	Local anesthetics	251
	Opioids	252
	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	254
	Phenothiazine derivatives	257
	Propofol	257
	References	259
	Chapter 12 Euthanasia of farm animals	264
	Considerations prior to euthanasia	264
	The process of euthanasia	267
	Methods of euthanasia	267
	Injectable euthanasia drugs	268
	Physical methods	269
	Adjunctive and other methods of euthanasia	273
	Considerations subsequent to euthanasia	274
	References	275
	Index	279